![]() Finally, the skins are rinsed and dried and the creases ironed out with presses. Nowadays the skins are softened by soaking them in clear water for two days, after which the hair is removed by soaking the hides in limewater for nine days. There is, however, a reference to the use of dogs' dung for this purpose (Yal. During talmudic times, salt and barley flour were sprinkled on the skins which were then soaked in the juice of gallnuts (Meg. The method of cleaning and softening the hide, which must be of the best quality, has changed throughout the centuries. The hide consists of three layers, but only the flesh side of the inner layer and the outer side of the hairy layer may be used for Torah parchment (Shab. The Torah is written on parchment manufactured from specified sections of the hide of a kosher animal. ![]() The tools and materials used by the scribe are parchment, quill, ink, stylus and ruler, and tikkun ("guide") – a book with the Torah text. The Sefer Torah is normally written by a specialist known as a sofer ("scribe"). Sifrei Torah scroll of the law), scroll containing the Five Books of Moses written on parchment according to strict rules and used mainly for reading at public worship (see *Torah Reading). ![]()
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